Comparison of Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Textile Strip Method
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Textile tensile property is one of the most common textile performance testing items in textile trade, which is usually expressed by breaking strength and elongation at break. it is used to characterize the strongest strength and the corresponding elongation of the sample when the fabric is stretched until breaking under specified conditions.
There are two methods to test the tensile properties of fabrics: strip method and grasping method. The strip method has the advantages of small unevenness and saving cloth, so it is more commonly used. To test the breaking strength and elongation of the fabric by the strip method is to clamp the sample to a constant speed elongation tester under the prescribed pretension, stretch the sample at a certain speed, and record the maximum strength and elongation of the sample at break.
This application note introduces the test procedures and methods of testing fabric breaking strength and elongation by GB/T 3923.1-2013, ASTM D5035.11-2019 and ISO13934.1-2013 strip methods, and compares the similarities and differences of the three methods. There are differences among the three methods in gauge length, rate of extension, conditioning and specimen size. This comparison can provide a reference for consumers and enterprises to carry out production quality inspection and control.
1. GB/T 3923.1-2013[1]
The GB / T 3923.1-2013 standard refers to ISO 13934-1: 1999 to amend the national standard GB / T 3923.1-1997. Many aspects of the standard have been clearly defined, such as scope of application, use of instruments, preparation clamping method of the sample, set gauge length, the rate of extension and the pre-tension.
The specifications of the gauge length and rate of extension are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 GB/T 3923.1-2013 Specified gauge length and rate of extension
| Elongation at maximum force of fabric % | Gauge length mm | Gauge length mm / min | Gauge length % / min |
|---|---|---|---|
| <8 | 200 | 20 | 10 |
| 8-75 | 200 | 100 | 50 |
| >75 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
For fabrics with elongation at break less than or equal to 75%, the gauge length is 200 mm ± 1 mm; for fabrics with elongation at break greater than 75%, the gauge length is 100 mm ± 1 mm.
2. ISO 13934-1:2013[2]
This standard is basically the same as GB / T 3923.1-2013 in terms of gauge setting, rate of extension, sample preparation and pre-tension.
The main difference is the scope of application. The GB / T 3923.1-2013 standard is applicable to woven fabrics, as well as fabrics produced by other technologies, such as knitted fabrics, nonwovens, coated fabrics, and other types of textile fabrics; the ISO 13934-1: 2013 standard is not applicable nonwoves and coated fabrics.
3. ASTM D5035 - 11(2019)[3]
ASTM D5035-11 (2019) is applicable to woven fabrics. It is not recommended for knitted fabrics and highly elastic fabrics with a tensile strength greater than 11%. The main differences between this standard and the above two standards are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Main differences between the three standards
| Items | ISO13934-1 or GB/T3923.1 | ASTM D5035 |
|---|---|---|
| Distance between upper and lower clamps / mm | 100 or 200 | 75±1 |
| Test rate / mm?min-1 | 20 or 100 | 300±10 |
| Front jaw rubber size / mm | 25 × 75 | 25 × 75 (50) |
| Back jaw rubber size / mm | 25 × 75 | 25 × 75 (50) |
| Environmental conditions | 20±2 °C, RH 65% ± 2% | 21±1 °C, RH 65% ± 2% |
| Conditioning time | 24 h to constant weight | At least 4 h to constant weight |
| Number of specimen / block | Radial 5 | Radial 5 |
| Weft 5 | Weft 8 | |
| Size of specimen / mm | 300 × 50 | 150 × 50 |
From the above, it can be known that in the technical content of the three test standards, there are differences in gauge length, rate of extension, conditioning time, and sample size. Therefore, if there are requirements on fabric strength in textile import and export trade, both sides should pay special attention to whether each other's inspection requirements are Chinese standards, American Materials and Experimental Association standards, or other international standards.
References
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