Stack Emissions Testing
Online InquiryThrough our global network of testing experts and analytical equipment including chromatography (HPLC, GC, GC/MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS, GFA, FIAS), Our goal is to provide test services as efficiently as possible to maximize our customers' profits. For more information about our services, contact one of our experts today.
Note: this service is for Research Use Only and Not intended for clinical use.
With industrialization, large quantities of gaseous and particulate matter are released into the environment. As a result, many former industrial sites and the surrounding environment have been exposed to chemical pollutants. Increasing environmental awareness and legislation has led to the introduction of new technologies to monitor emissions and potential harmful effects on the environment.
Alfa Chemistry offers a one-stop solution for stack emissions testing to assess the concentration and composition of pollutants emitted from industrial stacks or exhaust ducts to ensure that emissions comply with relevant environmental regulations and standards. We offer sampling sequences optimized using specific solutions or solid adsorbents to collect relevant analytes.
Our capabilities include but are not limited to:
| Services | Testing Items |
|---|---|
| Volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis | Various VOCs are analyzed using GC/MS. |
| Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) analysis | Dioxins (PCDD/F), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), Phenol. |
| Hydrogen halide and halogen analysis | Samples are collected using an impactor series that absorbs the solution and prefilters are used to determine particle loading. Samples are analyzed using ion selective electrodes (ISE), titration, or ion chromatography (IC). Testing items: HCN, HCI, HF, Chlorine, Fluorine. |
| Particulate matter analysis | Total suspended particulate matter (TSP), Particulate matter<10 micron (PM 10), Particulate matter <2.5 micron (PM 2.5), Inorganic coagulable particulate matter, Organic coagulable particulate matter. |
| Heavy metal analysis | Metal emissions are sampled using an impinger system. Collect the gas load in an acidified hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate (Hg) solution. Analyze the following metals using ICP-OES/MS and AFS (Hg): Aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, lithium, mercury, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, silicon, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, zinc, hexavalent chromium. |
| Inorganic analysis | Sulfur dioxide from stationary sources: SO3 (or H2SO4) emissions are captured by 80% IPA impingement or by condensation. SO2 is captured and converted to sulfate by reacting with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in an impinger. SO2 and SO3 are measured as sulfate by IC or barium-sorin titration. Ammonia from stationary sources: Air samples are collected using a sulfuric acid solution impactor. After distillation, the sample is analyzed photometrically. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) from stationary sources: NOx is captured by an oxidizing impact reagent and converted to nitrate. Total NOx is determined by the IC determination of nitrate. |
Standard methods for stack emissions testing
Our stack emissions testing services are operated and analyzed in accordance with strict industry standard methods. Extensively validated, Alfa Chemistry can provide a range of approved analytical procedures for stationary source emissions. These standard methods ensure accurate, comparable and reliable testing and are widely recognized and accepted.
| Designation | Title |
|---|---|
| US EPA 23 | Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Stationary Sources |
| US EPA 1614A | Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS |
| US EPA 26 | Hydrogen Chloride, Halides, Halogens |
| US EPA 6 | Sulfur Dioxide |
| US EPA 7A | Nitrogen Oxide - Ion Chromatographic Method |
If you have a need for stack emissions testing or need further information about our services, please feel free to contact us. We will provide a tailored solution to your requirements and ensure you receive high quality test results and professional support.
Techniques for stack emissions testing
Chimney Flow Meter
Chimney Flow Meter: Used to measure the flow and velocity of flue gases in chimneys, including hot-wire flow meters and thermal resistance flow meters.
Flue Gas Analyzer
Flue Gas Analyzer: Used to measure the concentration of various components in flue gases, such as oxygen content, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc. Common types of flue gas analyzers include infrared analyzers, ultraviolet analyzers, and gas chromatographs.
Flue Gas Thermometer
Flue Gas Thermometer: Used to measure the temperature of flue gases, to assess combustion efficiency and heat levels.
Dust Monitor
Dust Monitor: Used to measure the particulate matter content in flue gases, including laser scattering particulate analyzers and capillary electrophoresis-based particle monitors.
Chimney Video Detector
Chimney Video Detector: Used to inspect the internal structure and corrosion of chimneys, to assess the complexity of the chimney's condition and determine whether frequent repairs are needed.
Noise Meter
Noise Meter: Used to measure the noise level during chimney operation, to evaluate the impact of noise on the surrounding environment and people.
Industry articles
Troubleshooting Dioxin Emissions in an Industrial Waste Gas Incinerator
Or, Amiram Bar, et al. Chemosphere 342 (2023): 139857.
Waste incineration remains a significant source of dioxins and furans, primarily formed during combustion processes and often emitted into the environment when waste-gas treatment systems fail to capture them fully. This study conducted a monitoring campaign to evaluate the International Toxic Equivalents of dioxins and furans (I-TEQDF) emitted from a pharmaceutical industrial waste incinerator, aiming to establish correlations between combustion parameters, feed composition, and emission levels.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that elevated dioxin emissions were associated with a short residence time of flue gas in the furnace and low oxygen concentration during combustion. These findings were further investigated using COMSOL Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze the temperature profiles within the furnace. The simulations identified cold spots in the flame temperature profile, which are indicative of incomplete combustion and potential dioxin formation.
Additionally, the ratio of furan to dioxin congeners suggested that emissions predominantly occurred through the de novo synthesis mechanism. SEM-EDS analysis of bag filters upstream of the feed revealed a significant presence of iron, likely originating from the corrosion of feeding pipes. This iron could act as a catalytic agent for dioxin formation, contributing to emissions.
The insights from this study enhance understanding of the factors influencing dioxin formation and emissions in industrial waste incinerators. These findings could support the optimization of operational parameters and the implementation of process improvements to minimize dioxin emissions.
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