Candy Testing

Yu, W., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Zhang, H., & Yu, Y. (2015). Food chemistry, 173, 815-820.

An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) utilizing an ionic liquid and anionic surfactant was developed for the extraction of Sudan I-IV. The analytes were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ATPS was formed in the presence of C₄[MIM]BF₄, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and (NH₄)₂SO₄. The detection limits for Sudan I, II, III, and IV were 5.45, 4.66, 3.68, and 4.20 μg kg^-1, respectively. When this method was applied to the analysis of candy samples, the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 82.3% to 112.1%, with relative standard deviations of less than 7.41%.

Yilmaz, U. T., Ergun, F., & Yilmaz, H. (2014). Journal of food and drug analysis, 22(3), 329-335.

As a foundation for developing a sensitive analytical method for the determination of the food dye carmine, the differential pulse polarographic reduction of carminic acid (CA) on a dropping mercury electrode was studied. For the analytical differential pulse polarography conducted in a pH 2.0 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution (with a peak at −489 mV), the peak current showed a linear relationship with CA concentration in the range of 1 μM to 90 μM, with a detection limit of 0.16 μM. The proposed electrochemical procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of carmine in commercially available strawberry-flavored milk. This method was also applied to determine citric acid (CA) in candies, yielding results that were consistent with those obtained from spectrophotometric comparison methods.

Nguyen, T. K. T., Le, T. H. G., Pham, N. T. T., Hoang, T. H., Nguyen, H. P., Nguyen, M. X., ... & Bui, X. T. (2023). Microchemical Journal, 189, 108467.

The preparation conditions for an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO/GCE) modified glassy carbon electrode were elucidated for the determination of amaranth in soft drink and candy samples using adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The ErGO/GCE was prepared through the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide in the potential range of 0 V to −1.5 V using cyclic voltammetry. Amaranth is adsorbed onto the surface of the ErGO/GCE working electrode through an irreversible oxidation process. The optimal conditions for determining amaranth are a Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 3.0, an adsorption potential of 0 V, an adsorption time of 30 seconds, and a scan rate of 20 mV/s. The linear range for detection is from 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ to 1.0 x 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.8 x 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 9.3 x 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹.