Water Analysis

Chromaticity, odor, suspended solids (SS, TSS), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), pH, water temperature, conductivity, turbidity, residual chlorine, total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity

Ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, kai nitrogen, elemental phosphorus, phosphate, etc.

Cyanide, fluoride, chloride, sulfide, sulfate, iodide, perchlorate, bromide, carbonate, silicate, etc.

Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), permanganate index, UV absorption, dissolved oxygen (DO), etc.

Total α radioactivity, total β radioactivity, ²³²Th, ²¹⁰Po, etc.

For now, many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been found in groundwater, and the quantity and type of these compounds are still increasing as time goes on. These VOCs in water are carcinogenic, stable, and not easy to decompose, therefore, there is an urgent need to use effective detection methods to monitor the total content of the VOC.

In August 2016, a Harvard study showed that more than 6 million people in the United States had excessive levels of polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl compounds in their drinking water. In the past six decades, perfluoroalkyl materials have been widely used in industrial and consumer products, including food packaging bags, clothing and pans. The substance is difficult to decompose even when exposed to sunlight, and is associated with diseases such as cancer, endocrine disorders, and high cholesterol, and thus is harmful to human health.

The surface microbial contamination of rivers and other surface waters poses a huge potential threat to human health. The pollution of surface microbial pathogens and their control have received increasing attention.

Disinfection of drinking water is considered one of the major public health successes of the 20th century. However, the addition of chemical disinfectants results in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), which endangers human health. The formation of DBPs sparks remarkable concern when surface water is used for potable purposes.

Semi-volatile organic compounds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorobenzenes, nitrobenzenes, phthalates and the like. 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 6 kinds of phthalates have "carcinogenic", "teratogenic" and "mutagenic" activities, and have been listed in the "black list" of organic substances by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The semi-volatility of the substance causes it to migrate through the leaching, volatilization and sedimentation processes in the soil, water and atmosphere, which is harmful to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and analyze semi-volatile organic compounds in drinking water.

With the development of agricultural modernization, pesticides and herbicides are widely used in agricultural production. They can contaminate soil, surface water, groundwater and ecological environment through various channels, causing a series of problems that endanger human health and the environment. Therefore, each country or organization is constantly strengthening the monitoring and restrictions on pesticide and herbicide residues.

With the development of modern industry, more and more heavy metal wastes are discharged into rivers and lakes, which pose a potential threat to people's health and safety. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and test for heavy metal pollution in water environment.

Dioxins in the environment are difficult to eliminate by natural degradation. It includes 210 compounds, and its toxicity is very large, about 130 times that of cyanide and 900 times that of arsenic. It is called "the poison of the century", as an environmental pollutant that cannot be degraded in the human body and cannot be discharged, which poses a great threat to human health. Besides, it has strong carcinogenicity and can cause deformities and damage to the body's immune and reproductive functions.

Although outbreaks of water-related diseases caused by harmful chemical or biological contaminants continue to occur mainly in developing countries, they have also erupted in a few developed/industrialized countries. According to the UN World Water Development Report 2015, there are still about 750 million people who are unable to obtain "improved water supply".