Application of Elicitors in the Ginsenoside Biosynthesis
In terms of plant tissue culture, elicitors usually refer to the extracellular signal compounds of plant cells that trigger or initiate plant defense responses and phytoalexin synthesis. Elicitors are considered to be an effective method to increase the yield of bioactive compounds in plant tissue culture. Depending on their various sources, elicitors can be categorized into biotic and abiotic elicitors.
Fig. 1 Examples of biotic and abiotic factors
- Application of biotic elicitors in the ginsenoside biosynthesis
The biotic elicitors for enhancing the synthesis of ginsenoside are mainly microbial mycelium and microbial fermentation broth, such as Pseudomonas, Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviridae, Alternaria, and Cladosporium [1]. For instance, Biswas et al. investigated that T. viride was the best elicitor, which was 3.2 times of the control group.
- Application of abiotic elicitors in the ginsenoside biosynthesis
Abiotic excitons that promote ginsenoside synthesis mainly include endogenous plant hormones and their homologous substances, metal ions, gases, and so on. For instance, Wu [2] et al. investigated the effects of linolenic and linoleic acids on the adventitious roots of ginseng and found that linolenic acid was effective, with ginsenoside content reaching 7.9 mg/g dry weight.
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References
- Lu, J., Li, J., Wang, S., Yao, L., Liang, W., Wang, J., & Gao, W. Advances in ginsenoside biosynthesis and metabolic regulation. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 2018, 65(4), 514–522.
- Wu, C. H., Popova, E. V., Hahn, E. J., and Paek, K. Y. Biochem. Eng. J. 2009, 47, 109–115.
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