Introduction To Fmoc

One of the main features of the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protecting group is that it is extremely stable to acid and can be used in liquid and solid-phase peptide synthesis in combination with protecting groups that are easily removed by acid. For example, in the presence of the Fmoc group, the Boc and Cbz groups can be deprotected under acidic conditions. In addition, Fmoc is generally stable to hydrogenation.

Introduction of Fmoc

The introduction of Fmoc groups is usually done in the following two ways.

Introduced by Fmoc-Cl under alkaline conditions.
Introduced by Fmoc-OSu (Su = succinimidyl) in acetonitrile/water.

Removal of Fmoc

Fmoc is stable to acid and is generally deprotected by simple amine bases, such as 20% piperidine/DMF, 50% piperidine/CH2Cl2, etc.

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