Metal Compound-Based Nanozymes

Introduction

Metal compound-based nanozymes are simulated enzymes based on metal compound nanomaterials. Metal compound-based nanozymes have a variety of enzyme-like catalytic activities and can regulate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels under specific conditions. In addition, as promising alternatives for natural enzymes, they commonly retained better stability and robustness under extreme conditions than natural enzymes. Metal compound-based nanozymes also have superb electron properties, optical properties, and photothermal conversion properties, as well as simplicity in preparation and storage. Given the above ascendency, the application fields of metal compound-based nanozymes are gradually expanding.

Applications

Metal compound-based nanozymes have a wide range of applications, including inflammation therapy and cancer therapy.

• Inflammation therapy. So far, a variety of metal compound-based nanozymes (such as Mn₃O₄ nanozymes and CeO₂ nanozymes) have been used to treat inflammation such as ear inflammation and enteritis. They usually have multiple enzyme mimicking activities and can significantly scavenge superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, and therefore have obvious application prospects in the treatment and prevention of ROS-mediated neuroinflammation. Moreover, metal compound-based nanozymes are also used in combination with other types of anti-inflammatory agents to treat refractory infammatory diseases.

Fig.1 Metal compound-based nanozymes used for inflammation therapy.

• Cancer therapy. The intrinsic catalytic activity, biological safety, photothermal performance and some other physicochemical properties of metal compound-based nanozymes indicated their potential in cancer therapy. They can be employed for photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), starvation therapy, immunotherapy, etc. to treat cancer. For example, Wang et al. synthesized 2D MnO₂ nanosheets (M-NSs). The M-NS served as metal compound-based nanozymes with highly dispersion and stability, which finally realized starvation therapy by consuming glucose of tumor cells. This nanozymes also presented remarkable photothermal conversion efciency and photoacoustic (PA) imaging performance under nearinfrared (NIR) irradiation, thereby achieving PA imagingguided synergistic cancer treatment of starvation therapy and PTT^[1].

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