Antithrombosis

Thrombosis is one of the most common and serious problems that cause complications of blood upon contacting with biomedical devices including catheters, vascular grafts and heart valves, which seriously threatens people's lives and health. Therefore, the importance of antithrombosis has become increasingly prominent. One potential solution is designing antithrombotic coatings on these devices to efficiently inhibit the formation of thrombosis. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been shown to have antithrombotic properties, so numerous efforts have been dedicated to the fabrication of polymeric coatings that can release or generate NO. A large part of the research focuses on exogenous NO donors, such as diazodiazoate, which can immediately release NO when exposed to water or physiological environment (i.e., blood, body fluids, etc.). However, the current sources of exogenous NO donors are limited and unstable. Therefore, surface coatings capable of catalytically generating NO or HNO from physiological components may provide a more attractive strategy for sustained release of NO or HNO. Nanozymes have good stability and biocompatibility, and their efficient catalytic ability can be used to biomimeticly generate antithrombotic substances from endogenous substances. It is believed that the application of nanozymes in antithrombosis will be gradually developed in the future.