Cytoprotection - Nanozymes / Alfa Chemistry

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Cytoprotection

Introduction

Cytoprotection refers to the ability of certain substances to prevent or reduce damage to normal cells caused by toxic substances. Excessive cell damage will affect the functioning of the biological organism. Therefore, cytoprotection is an important guarantee for maintaining the normal operation of the organism and the continuation of life. Among substances used for cytoprotection, nanozymes have been widely studied for their excellent antioxidant capabilities. They can efficiently eliminate harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O₂^•− and H₂O₂ and reduce the damage of ROS to cell components, making them widely used in cytoprotection.

Applications

Applications of selenium-based nanozymes in cytoprotection

Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant enzyme, which can catalyze peroxides such as H₂O₂ to form nontoxic products in the presence of GSH and maintain intracellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, nanozymes with GPx-mimicking activity play an important role in cytoprotection. Currently, this type of nanozyme mainly focused on the design of selenium-based nanozymes.

For example, Qu, Ren, and co-workers designed a graphene oxide (GO)-Se nanozyme with excellent GPx-like antioxidative capacity for cytoprotection. The GO-Se nanozyme exhibited enhanced catalytic ability to remove toxic H₂O₂ and effectively alleviate lipid damage caused by ROS, thereby playing a cell protective role^[1].

Besides, Liu and colleagues successfully constructed an artificial selenium-based nanozyme. The nanozyme exhibited excellent GPx-like property that could efficiently transfer toxic hydroperoxides to harmless products with the assistance of GSH and exerted excellent capacity for protecting cell from oxidative damage^[2].

Applications Of noble metal nanozymes in cytoprotection

In addition, some noble metal nanozymes such as Pt-based nanozymes, Au-based nanozymes, Pd-based nanozymes, etc. are also used in cytoprotection. For Pt-based nanozymes, which have excellent superoxide dismutase-, catalase-, and peroxidase-like abilities, they can down-regulate intracellular ROS levels and protect cell components from oxidative stress^[3]. For Au-based nanozymes, which have catalase-like activity, they can effectively convert harmful H₂O₂ into nontoxic products, thereby protecting primary neuronal cells from ROS-induced oxidative damage^[4]. For Pd-based nanozymes, they can serve as mimics of catalase and superoxide dismutase to scavenge harmful ROS. This effectively maintains the homogeneity of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ROS damage to intracellular important biomolecules.

Fig.1 The Au-based nanozymes protect primary neuronal cells against oxidative damage.

Alfa Chemistry can offer a wide range of nanozymes such as selenium-based nanozymes and noble metal nanozymes, which are widely used in cytoprotection. We will offer the most suitable nanozymes according to customer's detailed requirements. At the same time, we also offer product customization. If you have any questions or needs, please don't hesitate to contact us. Alfa Chemistry will provide you with the most professional service.

References

Qu, X. G.; et al. A GO-Se nanocomposite as an antioxidant nanozyme for cytoprotection. Chem. Commun. 2017, 53(21), 3082-3085.
Liu, J. Q.; et al. Construction of GPx active centers on natural protein nanodisk/nanotube: a new way to develop artificial nanoenzyme. ACS Nano. 2012, 6(10), 8692-8701.
Pompa, P. P.; et al. Platinum nanozymes recover cellular ROS homeostasis in an oxidative stress-mediated disease model. Nanoscale. 2016, 8, 3739-3752.
Lin, S. Y.; et al. Tailoring enzyme-like activities of gold nanoclusters by polymeric tertiary amines for protecting neurons against oxidative stress. Small. 2016, 12(30), 4127-4135.

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