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Nucleosides and nucleotides are essential biomolecules that are omnipresent in biological processes and drive almost all biochemical activity. These are the molecules we need to synthesize nucleic acids and are also involved in genetic information storage and expression, energy metabolism, and cellular signalling pathways.
We at Alfa Chemistry manufacture premium-quality nucleosides, nucleotides, and their analogs and phosphoramidite to serve life scientists, clinicians, and biotechnologists of all kinds. Our nucleosides and nucleotides are produced in scalable quantities ranging from milligrams to kilograms, so you get quality and stability for your studies and industries. Alfa Chemistry is your life sciences and molecular innovation partner, be it for one-off projects or bulk procurement.
Nucleosides consist of a nitrogenous base covalently bonded to a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose). The nitrogenous bases are classified as purines (adenine [A] and guanine [G]) or pyrimidines (cytosine [C], thymine [T], and uracil [U]). Nucleotides are phosphorylated nucleosides and have one to three phosphate bonds on the sugar. They are the monomeric units of DNA and RNA, and they make up the phylogeny of these macromolecules through phosphodiester connections.
Figure 1. Adenine nucleosides and nucleotides structure[1].
Nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are central to energy transfer in cells, while others like cyclic AMP (cAMP) act as second messengers in signal transduction pathways. Additionally, modified nucleotides are utilized as cofactors in enzymatic reactions and as precursors in biosynthesis pathways.
Nucleotides are molecules in DNA and RNA that help to store and pass on genetic code in living systems. In addition to genetics, they act as cellular energy carriers, with ATP and GTP driving metabolic and biosynthetic reactions. Cyclic nucleotides (e.g., cAMP and cGMP) act as secondary messengers that coordinate cellular responses to external stimuli. Furthermore, nucleotide-derived cofactors (e.g., NAD+ and FAD) are involved in both redox reactions and metabolism.
Nucleosides and nucleotides hold so much promise in medical science and applications. Synthetic analogs of these molecules are deployed as antiviral and anticancer drugs. Acyclovir and raltegravir stop the replication of viruses, and gemcitabine attacks the proliferation of rapidly multiplying cancer cells. Furthermore, labeled nucleotides are required in diagnostic tools like PCR and next-generation sequencing for precise disease detection and gene studies.
Nucleotides are underlying gene editing, synthetic biology, and RNA-based medicine in biotech. Changed nucleotides can make mRNA vaccines and siRNA medications more stable and effective to tackle problems in infectious and genetic disease. Moreover, nucleotides are used as fluorescent probes and markers in molecular biology experiments to drive science and technology.
| Feature | Benefit |
| Broad Applicability | Useful in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. |
| Customizable Structures | Enhanced stability and bioavailability for specific applications. |
| Essential Biomolecules | Vital for DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular processes. |
| Advanced Therapeutics | Targeted antiviral and anticancer therapies with minimal side effects. |
Reference
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