Angelica Dahurica

Angelica dahurica, commonly referred to as Bai Zhi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a perennial herb from the Apiaceae family, native to China, Korea, and Japan. It holds a prominent place in TCM due to its versatility in addressing various health conditions.

The root is the most frequently utilized part of the plant and is valued for its ability to expel external pathogens, alleviate pain, and promote respiratory and skin health. With pungent and warm properties, Angelica dahurica is particularly effective in treating ailments associated with cold and dampness.

Phytochemically, Angelica dahurica is rich in bioactive compounds such as furanocoumarins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Furanocoumarins like imperatorin and xanthotoxin are notable for their phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. The flavonoids present contribute to the herb's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, while the polysaccharides enhance its immunomodulatory function. Coumarins, including xanthotoxol, osthenol, and oxypeucedanin, are among the primary active compounds, offering a range of pharmacological benefits, from antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory to analgesic effects.

Imperatorin

Imperatorin is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in medicinal plants such as Angelica dahurica, Peucedanum praeruptorum, and Citrus aurantium. This compound has attracted attention due to its diverse biological and pharmacological activities. Notably, it is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis and butyrylcholinesterase. Additionally, Imperatorin serves as a weak agonist of the TRPV1 receptor and acts as a calcium antagonist on vascular smooth muscle, making it an effective myorelaxant. Its therapeutic effects include anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Imperatorin is also used in herbal formulations aimed at treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

Oxypeucedanin

Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica, with significant potential as both an antiarrhythmic and anticancer agent. As a selective open-channel blocker of the hKv1.5 channel, it effectively inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM and prolongs the cardiac action potential duration (APD), making it a promising candidate for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Additionally, Oxypeucedanin has demonstrated a novel anticancer effect by inducing G2-M cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. This dual functionality underscores its potential therapeutic applications in both cardiovascular and cancer treatments.

Byakangelicin

Byakangelicin, an active compound extracted from the root of Angelica dahurica, exhibits a range of significant biological activities. One of its primary actions is inhibiting the effects of sex hormones and increasing the catabolism of endogenous hormones. This compound also induces the expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 by activating pregnane X receptors in human hepatocytes. In terms of therapeutic applications, byakangelicin has demonstrated efficacy in treating sugar cataracts and diabetic neuropathy in animal models, specifically rats. It also shows potential as an insecticide and insect antifeedant, particularly effective against pests in the Lepidoptera and Homoptera orders.

Beyond these uses, byakangelicin serves as a modulator to enhance brain accumulation of various active compounds, including umbelliferone, curcumin, and doxorubicin. This modulation leads to improved therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, byakangelicin likely increases the expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR) target genes, such as MDR1, which can result in a broad spectrum of agent-agent interactions. Overall, byakangelicin's diverse biological impacts and potential therapeutic benefits make it a compound of considerable interest.

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