Alisma Plantago-aquatica

Alisma plantago-aquatica, commonly referred to as water plantain, is an aquatic or semi-aquatic perennial herb from the Alismataceae family. This plant thrives in shallow waters, marshes, ponds, and wet meadows across temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. It has been revered for centuries in traditional medicine, especially within East Asian practices.

In Chinese traditional medicine, the dried rhizome of Alisma Plantago-aquatica is highly valued for its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying properties. It is traditionally believed to influence the kidney and bladder meridians, and is employed to address issues such as edema, urinary tract infections, diarrhea, and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, it is frequently combined with other herbs to manage conditions associated with water retention and to promote healthy kidney function.

The main active compounds found in Alisma Plantago-aquatica include triterpenes (such as Alisol A, Alisol B, and their derivatives), steroidal saponins, and sesquiterpenoids. These components are considered responsible for the plant's therapeutic effects.

Alisol B

Alisol B, a triterpene compound extracted from the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica, is emerging as a promising novel inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump. This unique compound has been shown to induce autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for bone disorders. Alisol B targets osteoclast differentiation and function, which is crucial for bone health. It effectively inhibits the RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, both of which are vital transcription factors involved in osteoclastogenesis. As such, alisol B may hold significant promise for advancing treatments for conditions involving abnormal osteoclast activity.

Alisol B acetate

Alisol B acetate is a notable triterpene compound extracted from the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica, commonly known as Rhizoma Alismatis. This compound has garnered attention for its ability to induce apoptosis, particularly in cancer cells. In studies involving human hormone-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells, alisol B acetate has been shown to facilitate the nuclear translocation of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, thereby playing a pivotal role in triggering programmed cell death. Furthermore, its antiproliferative properties extend to SGC7901 cells, a type of gastric cancer cell line, where it induces apoptosis through mechanisms involving mitochondrial-caspase pathways and PI3K/Akt signaling. This dual action underscores alisol B acetate's potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment, highlighting its complex interplay with cellular apoptotic machinery.

Alisol F

Alisol F is a prominent triterpene sourced from Alisma plantago-aquatica, renowned for its immunosuppressive and antiviral properties. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity and provides liver protection by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB pathways, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Alisol F is known for its capability to suppress the induction of iNOS. It also demonstrates strong inhibitory effects against the hepatitis B virus, particularly by reducing the secretion of the virus's surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg) in Hep G2.2.15 cell lines.

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