Gamma-Cyclodextrin

Zhang W, et al. Journal of Chromatography A, 2025, 1746, 465782.

γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was employed as a key functional agent in the surface modification of silica particles and the fabrication of dual-template RAFT epitope imprinted polymers (RAFT-CD-EMIPs). Initially, recrystallized γ-CD was dissolved in anhydrous DMF, activated with NaH, and reacted with GOTMS under nitrogen at 90 °C to introduce reactive vinyl moieties. The modified γ-CD intermediate was further grafted onto pre-activated silica particles via a sol-gel strategy using MATMS and APTES at 110 °C for 24 h, yielding CD-functionalized SiO₂ (CD-SiO₂).

To introduce polymerization-active disulfide groups, CD-SiO₂ was subsequently treated with EDC, NHS, and CPCP in ethanol at 25 °C for 18 h, resulting in dithioester-functionalized silica (CPCP-CD-SiO₂). These modified particles were used as a support matrix for the RAFT polymerization of dual-template epitope imprinted polymers. The imprinting system consisted of ZDMA as the functional monomer, AE-9 and GI-9 as epitope templates, and EGDMA as the crosslinker. Polymerization was initiated by AIBN at 70 °C under nitrogen for 24 h. The resulting imprinted particles were subjected to template removal using ethanol/hexylamine and methanol/acetic acid solutions.

Tan B, et al. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2025, 1358, 344093.

Gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was employed as the key structural component for constructing γ-CD-MOF (metal–organic framework) nanoparticles, which served as the host material for the encapsulation of atomically precise Au₃₈ nanoclusters. The synthesis of γ-CD-MOF followed established protocols to yield uniform cubic nanoparticles. Separately, Au₃₈S₂(SAdm)₂₀ nanoclusters were prepared using literature-reported methods and subsequently dissolved in dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) at a concentration of 5 mg per 5 mL. To fabricate the hybrid Au₃₈/γ-CD-MOF material, 500 mg of γ-CD-MOF was introduced into the Au₃₈S₂(SAdm)₂₀ solution under ambient conditions. After stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, the mixture was subjected to centrifugation to isolate the composite precipitate. The solid product was dried under vacuum at 50 °C to yield the final hybrid nanomaterial. Additionally, Au₃₈/γ-CD-MOF composites with varied loading levels were synthesized by adjusting the Au₃₈S₂(SAdm)₂₀ input from 5 to 20 mg, enabling tunable incorporation of the gold nanoclusters.

Wang D, et al. LWT, 2024, 213, 117085.

γ-cyclodextrin was utilized as a molecular host to prepare a multifunctional inclusion complex comprising curcumin and sodium chloride (IC), aimed at enhancing food quality through antimicrobial activity and flavor improvement while supporting sodium reduction. The synthesis of the curcumin/γ-cyclodextrin/NaCl inclusion complex was accomplished via a straightforward, single-step process. Specifically, 130 mg of γ-cyclodextrin was dissolved in 25 mL of a 2% sodium chloride aqueous solution. Subsequently, 4 mL of an anhydrous ethanol solution containing 37 mg of curcumin was added to the system. The resulting mixture was subjected to continuous stirring at 900 rpm for 24 hours at 50 °C to facilitate complex formation. Post-reaction, the mixture was centrifuged at 10,615×g for 15 minutes to separate the supernatant, which was then pre-frozen overnight at −80 °C. Lyophilization was performed using a vacuum freeze-dryer for 72 hours to yield the dry inclusion complex.

Wang T, et al. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 679, 254-262.

γ-cyclodextrin was investigated as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to stabilize lithium metal anodes in ether-based electrolytes. The experimental approach focused on incorporating 1 wt% γ-CD into the electrolyte system to address two critical challenges in lithium metal batteries (LMBs): the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the formation of lithium dendrites. The γ-CD molecules, known for their unique cavity structure, formed host–guest complexes through encapsulation of TFSI⁻ anions and solvent molecules, mitigating adverse solvent interactions and enhancing Li⁺ transport.

Electrochemical testing revealed that the modified electrolyte exhibited an elevated Li⁺ transference number of 0.86 and an extended electrochemical stability window up to 4.15 V. This was confirmed via linear sweep voltammetry, indicating suppressed ether decomposition. In Li//Cu half-cell configurations, the nucleation potential for Li deposition was significantly reduced, enabling smoother and more uniform lithium plating. The half-cell achieved high Coulombic efficiency (>98.4%) over 100 cycles. In symmetric Li//Li cells, long-term cycling stability exceeding 800 hours at a high current density of 5.0 mA cm⁻² (1.0 mAh cm⁻² capacity) was recorded. Furthermore, full-cell evaluations using Li//Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) configuration maintained 98.8% of the initial capacity after 1,400 cycles, demonstrating the practical applicability of γ-CD in high-energy lithium metal batteries.

Başaran Mutlu-Ağardan N, et al. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2025, 104, 106564.

This study demonstrates the experimental application of gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs) and their subsequent use for tamoxifen (TMX) loading. Two synthetic strategies were employed, both derived from modified methanol diffusion methods that utilized PEG20000 as a surfactant to reduce crystallization time. In the first approach, PEG20000 was dissolved in methanol (8 mg/mL) and added to a stirred solution of γ-CD and KOH at 50 °C for 20 min, followed by incubation at 15 °C overnight in a sealed environment. This product was designated as γ-CD-MOF-1. In the second method, solid PEG20000 and methanol were added separately to the same γ-CD/KOH solution, yielding γ-CD-MOF-2.

For TMX loading, both MOFs were subjected to a standard impregnation procedure. After drying, the γ-CD-MOFs were immersed in ethanolic TMX solution and stirred at 40 °C for 24 h. The TMX-loaded frameworks—TMX-γ-CD-MOF-1 and TMX-γ-CD-MOF-2—were recovered via centrifugation and vacuum-dried.