CAS 7440-42-8 Boron - Catalysts / Alfa Chemistry

Synonyms

Boron, powder, 45 max. part. size (micron), weight 10 g, purity 98.%; Boron crystalline B GRADE K2 (H.C. STARCK); Boron, monofilament, 0.080 mm diameter, length 100 m; CTK0H8670; Boron 11, 11B, plasma standard solution, Specpure, 11B 100g/ml; Boron Glycinate 5% 40M; Boron amorphous B GRADE II (H.C. STARCK); Boron crystalline B GRADE K1 (H.C. STARCK); Boron, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), B 1000microg/ml, H3BO3 in 1% NH4OH; Boron powder, crystalline, elec. gr.;

IUPAC Name

boron;

Molecular Weight

10.81g/mol

Molecular Formula

Canonical SMILES

[B];

InChI

InChI=1S/B;

InChI Key

ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N;

Melting Point

2,075 deg C;

Density

Amorphous, 2.350 g/cu cm; alpha-rhombohedral, 2.46 g/cu cm; alpha-tetragonal, 2.31 g/cu cm; beta-rhombohedral, 2.35 g/cu cm;

Solubility

Insoluble in water; unaffected by aqueous hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids; when finely divided it is soluble in boiling nitric and sulfuric acids and in molten metals such as copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium; reacts vigorously with fused sodium peroxide or with a fusion mixture of sodium carbonate or potassium nitrate;Soluble in concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids; insoluble in water, alcohol, ether;

Storage

Storage temperature: no restrictions.

Color Form

Polymorphic: alpha-rhombohedral form, clear red crystals; beta-rhombohedral form, black; alpha-tetragonal form, black, opaque crystals with metallic luster; amorphous form, black or dark brown powder; other crystal forms are known but not entirely characterized;Filaments, powder, whiskers, single crystals;

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count

EC Number

231-151-2

Exact Mass

11.009g/mol

Heavy Atom Count

Monoisotopic Mass

11.009g/mol

Other Experimental

Atomic number 5; naturally-occurring isotopes: 10,11; three short-lived artificial isotopes: 8,12, 13;Alpha-rhombohedral form, 12 atoms/unit cell; beta-rhombohedral form, 105 atoms/unit cell; alpha-tetragonal form, 50 atoms/unit cell;The alpha-rhombohedral form of boron is the simplest crystal structure with slightly deformed cubic close packing, which degrades at 1200 deg C and at 1500 it converts to beta-rhombohedral boron, which is the most thermodynamically stable form.;Crystalline boron is very inert. Low purity, higher temperature, and changes in or lack of crystallinity all increase the chemical reactivity.;Boron exists naturally as (10)B (19.9%) and (11)B (80.1%); ten other isotopes of boron are known;Amorphous form, heat capacity: 2.858 cal/g-atom/deg C at 25 deg C; beta-rhombohedral form, heat capacity: 2.650 cal/g-atom/deg C at 25 deg C;Feeble conductor of electricity at room temperature, good conductor at high temperature; self limiting reaction with oxygen due to formation of boric oxide film; oxide coating evaporates above 1000 deg C; crystals are almost as hard as diamond; reacts with fluorine at room temperature;Energy band gap of 1.50-1.56 eV; transmits portions of the infrared;High neutron absorption capacity; amphoteric; Mohs hardness, 9.3;

Stability

Fairly stable at normal temperature.;

Topological Polar Surface Area

0A^2

UNII

N9E3X5056Q

Vapor Pressure

1.56X10-5 atm (0.0119 mm Hg) at 2140 deg C;

Application

Boron, discovered by Sir Humphry Davy and J.L. Gay-Lussac in 1808, is a trivalent non-metallic element known for its versatility and wide array of uses. Found abundantly in borax and ulexite ores, boron is not found free in nature but rather in compound forms. It exists in several forms including amorphous boron, a dark, non-reactive powder, and crystalline boron, a very hard black material with a high melting point. These forms make boron particularly useful in a range of industries. For instance, boron compounds like sodium borate are fundamental in creating biochemical buffers, while boric acid, derived from borate minerals, is pivotal in textile production. In the industrial sector, boron is used in the production of borosilicate glass, providing remarkable thermal resistance, and in boron filaments which serve as high-strength, lightweight materials essential in aerospace technologies. Furthermore, boron is a crucial component in agricultural settings, acting as a vital plant micronutrient, and in consumer safety, where it serves as an effective insecticide. Its unique capability to harden metals, absorb neutrons in nuclear reactors, and act as a catalyst in chemical processes further underscores its importance. Boron is also significant in electronics as a doping agent in silicon transistor chips, enhancing the functionality of electronic devices. Overall, the multifaceted applications of boron and its compounds-from structural materials to chemical synthesis-highlight its integral role across various sectors, emphasizing its importance beyond just its chemical characteristics.

December 04, 2024

Essential Boron for Advanced Research

I utilized Alfa Chemistry's Boron in my research on aerospace materials. Its remarkable strength and heat resistance supported crucial experiments, highlighting Boron's role in creating high-strength composites and enhancing neutron absorption in reactors.